2008—2014 年急性农药中毒咨询病例分析

Analysis of cases consulted for acute pesticide poisoning during 2008—2014

关键词: 农药中毒  中毒咨询  病例特征

Keywords: pesticide poisoning  consultion for poisoning  clinical characteristics

摘 要: 目的 了解近年农药中毒病例的特征及农药种类的变化,为农药急性中毒救治及预防提供参考数据｡方法 描述性分析急性农药中毒病例的时间地区分布､中毒原因､接触途径､年龄､临床表现以及农药种类变化等信息｡结果 共获得有效病例18 975例,男女性别比为1：1：1,其中自服中毒11 119例,占病例数的58.60%;意外及误服为中毒原因第二位(4566例,占20%),多见于1～6岁学龄前儿童;生产性职业接触中毒3177例,占16.74%｡农药中毒主要发生在5～8月份,农药种类以拟除虫菊酯类最多,剧毒､高毒农药少见,低毒混配制剂及生物性农药越来越多｡结论 引起中毒的农药种类发生很大变化,自服农药中毒问题严重,幼儿及学龄前儿童误服农药中毒应引起足够重视;此外,还需进一步加强农药的安全知识培训,加强农药安全使用和存储､市场监管,完善中毒病例监测,开展相关研究,以预防和减少农药中毒伤害｡

Abstract: Objective To further understand the features of acute pesticide poisoning and the changes of pesticides kinds in recent years,thereby provide more targeted reference data for the treatment and prevention of acute pesticide poisoning. Methods Descriptive analysis on the time and region distribution of incidence,the kind induced poisoning,route of exposure,age distribution,clinical manifestation and change trend of pesticide kind was made in the study. Results The data included 18975 cases,the ratio of men to women was 1：1：1. Among them,11 119(58.60%)were caused by suicide among them;second cause was accident eating,there were 4566 cases (20%),majority of them were 1～6 years old pre-school children;cases caused by occupational exposure only took the third place 3177 cases (16.74%). The peak incidence season of pesticide poisoning was during May to August,pyrethroids was the most common kind,rarely caused by highly toxic pesticide,while that caused by low toxic and mixed pesticides became more and more. Conclusions The study suggested that there was great change taken place in category of pesticide kind induced acute poisoning,suicide by oral was quite serious,accident eating in infants and pre-school children should pay more attention,too. Additionally,strengthen the training of pesticide safety knowledge,enhance the surveilliance and management on safety of pesticides during the process of use,storage,on selling,improve the poisoning case administration and carry out related research were all important for preventing and reducing the damage of pesticide poisoning.