矽尘对肺组织的损伤机制

Mechanism of silica dust⁃induced lung damage

关键词: 矽肺  炎症  免疫反应  纤维化

Keywords: silicosis  inflammation  immune response  fibrosis

摘 要: 矽肺是因患者长期暴露于矽尘环境中， 肺部形成广泛的结节状纤维化为特征的疾病， 是最常见和最严重 的尘肺病之一， 疾病进展过程非常复杂， 包括炎症反应、免疫应答、细胞和组织损伤及胶原增生和纤维化形成。矽肺 是多因素共同作用的结果， 主要的致病机制包括： 直接的细胞毒性作用， 产生活性氧自由基（ＲＯＳ） 和活性氮自由基 （ＲＮＳ）， 分泌炎性因子和趋化因子， 启动纤维化途径和细胞死亡。本文通过阐述矽尘损伤肺组织的致病机制， 为临床 治疗提供依据。

Abstract: Silicosis is a disease characterized by extensive nodular fibrosis in lungs caused by long term exposure to silica dust, that is one of the most common and serious type of pneumoconiosis􀆰 Its progression is very complex, not a few of mechanisms including inflammation, immune response, structural damage and repair of cells and tissues, collagen hyperplasia and fibrosis formation, etc􀆰 Silicosis is the result of interaction of many factors, the main mechanisms involved are direct cytotoxicity,production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), secretion of inflammatory factors and chemokines, initiation of the pathways leading fibrosis and cell death􀆰 This review will offer some highlights of the mechanisms of lung damages by silica dusts, thereby provide a scientific basis for clinical therapeutic silicosis.