江苏省铅酸蓄电池企业女职工生殖健康现况调查

Investigation on reproductive health of female workers from lead-acid batteryenterprises in Jiangsu province

关键词: 铅酸蓄电池  女职工  生殖健康

Keywords: lead-acid batteries  female worker  reproductive health

摘 要: 目的 通过现况调查了解铅酸蓄电池企业女职工的生殖健康状况，以期提出干预策略，有效保护女职工的生殖健康。方法 采用横断面调查方法，以问卷调查的方式对江苏省5家铅酸蓄电池企业564名女职工的生殖健康状况展开调查，对相关数据进行统计分析。结果 本次调查的女职工月经异常率为30.85%，不同岗位工作的女职工月经异常率不同，差异具有统计学意义（χ2=14.039，P＜0.01）；流产率为29.43%，工龄＜10年比≥10年的女工流产率高，差异具有统计学意义（χ2=6.228，P＜0.05）；不孕率为25.00%，不同工龄和不同岗位女工的不孕率不同，差异具有统计学意义（χ2=4.249，P＜0.05；χ2=14.039，P＜0.01）。此外，随着女职工接触的职业危害因素种类不同，月经异常率和流产率存在差异，且均具有统计学意义（χ2=9.021，P＜0.05；χ2=8.360，P＜0.05）。结论 江苏省部分铅酸蓄电池制造企业的女职工生殖健康状况不容乐观。不同岗位和工龄的女职工月经异常率和不孕率不同，多种职业危害因素同时暴露可能会产生叠加作用，加重对生殖健康的危害。今后应加大监督执法力度，对铅酸蓄电池企业女工采取更有效的防护措施，加强培训和健康教育，提高自我防护能力与意识，保障女工生殖健康。

Abstract: Objective To investigate the present status of reproductive health among female workers in lead-acid battery enterprises, put forward intervention strategies to effectively protect the reproductive health of female workers. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 564 female workers from some lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu Province by means of questionnaires, relevant data were analyzed statistically. Results The results showed that the rate of abnormal menstruation was 30.85%, and there were significant differences in rates of abnormal menstruation among different positions ( χ2=14.039，P<0.01). The abortion rate was 29.43%, which was higher in female workers whose service length less than 10 years compared those with 10 years or longer service time (χ2=6.228，P<0.05). The infertility rate was 25.00%, the differences among different working years and working positions were statistics significant (χ2=4.249，P<0.05；χ2=14.039，P<0.01). In addition, there were also significant differences in abnormal menstruation rate or abortion rate among female workers with different exposure to occupational hazards (χ2=9.021，P<0.05；χ2=8.360，P<0.05). Conclusion The reproductive health status of female workers in some lead-acid battery manufacturing enterprises in Jiangsu was not optimistic. The female workers with different working length or from different working position showed different; additionally, simultaneous exposure to multiple occupational hazards may have a superimposed effect and aggravate the harm to reproductive health. Therefore, it was necessary to strengthen supervision and law enforcement, take more effective protective measures for female workers in lead-acid battery enterprises, strengthen training and health education, improve self-protection ability and awareness, and ensure reproductive health of female workers.