辽宁省1295名医护人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患及影响因素分析

The prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among medical staff in Liaoning province

关键词: 医护人员  工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)  危险因素  发生率

Keywords: medical staff  work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs)  risk factors  incidence

摘 要: 目的 分析辽宁省4家医院医护人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)发生情况及其影响因素。方法 采用横断面调查方法,选择1295名医护人员作为调查对象,采用《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷》(修改版)进行流行病学调查,分析发生WMSDs的影响因素。 结果 调查对象全身任一部位WMSDs发生率66.72%。各部位发生率分别为颈部51.81%、肩部41.70%、下背/腰部30.66%、上背部28.96%、腿部19.61%、足/踝部15.52%、膝部14.52%、手/腕部12.90%、肘部5.17%。Logistic回归分析显示,长时间站立工作(OR=1.645,95%CI 1.228~2.205)、工作姿势不舒适(OR=1.954,95%CI 1.423~2.683)、每分钟多次重复性操作(OR=1.520,95%CI 1.152~2.005)、颈部长时间保持同一姿势(OR=1.477,95%CI 1.065~2.047)、手腕长时间弯曲(OR=1.487, 95%CI 1.120~1.975)、长时间屈膝(OR=1.433,95%CI 1.082~1.899)者发生WMSDs的风险较高。30~<50岁(参考年龄<30岁)的研究对象每增加10岁,WMSDs发病风险增加63%和114%,OR(95%CI)分别为1.630(1.010~2.632)和 2.144(1.263~3.639)。身体状况一般、较差、非常差的研究对象,发生WMSDs的风险更高,OR(95%CI)分别为2.766(1.988~3.848)、7.422(4.508~12.221)、7.009(2.298~21.376)。结论 医护人员WMSDs发生率较高,主要发生在颈部、肩部和下背/腰部,可采取针对性措施,尽可能减少不良姿势持续作业时间,避免短时间多次重复操作,降低医护人员罹患WMSDs的风险。

Abstract: Objective To analyze the occurrence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) in medical staff. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the medical staff of 4 hospitals in Liaoning province. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (modified version) was used to investigate the epidemiological factors of WMSDs. Results The prevalence rate of WMSDs was 66.72%. The prevalence of WMSDs in the whole body was 51.81% in the neck, 41.70% in the shoulder, 30.66% in the lower back/waist, 28.96% in the upper back,19.61% in the leg, 15.52% in the ankle, 14.52% in the knee, 12.90% in the hand/wrist and 5.17% in the elbow. Logistic regression analysis showed that long-term standing work (OR=1.645, 95%CI 1.228~2.205), uncomfortable working posture (OR=1.954, 95%CI 1.423~2.683), repeated operations per minute (OR=1.520, 95%CI 1.152~2.005), the neck remained in the same position for a long time (OR=1.477, 95%CI 1.065~2.047), the wrist was bent for a long time (OR=1.487, 95%CI 1.120~1.975), the knee was bent for a long time (OR=1.433, 95%CI 1.082~1.899) had a higher risk of developing WMSDs. For the subjects of 30~<50 years old (reference age<30), the risk of developing WMSDs increased by 63% and 114% for each additional 10 years, the OR and 95%CI were 1.630 (1.010~2.632) and 2.144 (1.263~3.639). The average, poor, and very poor subjects had a higher risk of WMSDs than those with good health, OR and 95%CI were 2.766(1.988~3.848), 7.422 (4.508~12.221), and 7.009 (2.298~21.376), respectively. Conclusion The incidence of WMSDs in medical staff is high, and the main parts are neck, shoulder and lower back/waist. Targeted measures can be taken to minimize the time of holding the same bad posture and repeated operations in a short time, so as to reduce the risk of WMSDs in medical staff.