昆山市工业企业职业病危害现状调查

Investigation on current situation of occupational hazards in industrial enterprises in Kunshan city

关键词: 职业病危害因素  噪声  小微型企业

Keywords: occupational hazard factors  noise  small and micro enterprises

摘 要: 目的 了解昆山市工业企业职业病危害现状,为职业病危害因素监测及危害控制效果评价提供科学依据。 方法 采用统一调查表进行现场调研, 根据行业类型、企业规模、经济类型、职业病危害因素种类等信息进行数据整理分析。结果 纳入调查的 6 224 家企业以制造业为主,占 93.67%,企业规模以小微型为主,经济类型以有限责任公司和私营企业为主。接触职业病危害因素 183 289 人,接害率 24. 86%。不同行业、企业规模、经济类型的劳动者接害率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。接触噪声人数最多,175 244 人(95.61%)。噪声、粉尘、化学毒物超标率分别为 5.60%、1.32%、0.30%。结论 昆山市应关注金属制品业,通用设备制造业,橡胶和塑料制品业,计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业以及专用设备制造业等重点行业的职业病危害因素;重点防控噪声、粉尘等职业病危害因素;应加强对小微企业的职业卫生指导帮扶工作。

Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation of occupational hazards in industrial enterprises in Kunshan city, and to provide a scientific basis for monitoring occupational hazard factors and the evaluation of hazard control effects. Methods A unified questionnare was used to conduct field investigation, and the data were sorted out and analyzed according to the industry type, enterprise scale, economic type, and types of occupational hazard factors. Results The 6 224 enterprises included in the survey were mainly manufacturing industry, accounting for 93.67%. The scale was mainly from small and micro enterprises, and the economic types were mainly limited liability companies and private enterprises. A total of 183 289 persons were exposed to occupational hazard factors, with an exposure rate of 24.86%. There were statistically significant differences in the injury exposure rates among workers in different industries, enterprise scales, and economic types(P<0.05). The number of people receiving noise was the largest, with 175 244 people (95.61%). The over-standard rates of noise, dust and chemical poisons were 5.60%, 1.32% and 0.30%, respectively. Conclusion Kunshan city should pay attention to the monitoring of occupational hazards in key industries such as the metal products industry, general equipment manufacturing industry, rubber and plastic products industry, computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry, and special equipment manufacturing industry. Focus on preventing and controlling occupational hazards such as noise and dust; occupational health guidance and assistance should be strengthened for small and micro enterprises.