BRIEF和QEC在制鞋作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患研究中的应用

Application of BRIEF and QEC on study of WMSDs among shoemaking workers

关键词: 美国工效学基本因素检查表(BRIEF)  快速暴露检查表(QEC)  制鞋业  职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)  工效学负荷

Keywords: baseline risk Identification of ergonomic factors (BRIEF)  quick exposure check (QEC)  shoemaking industry  work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs)  ergonomic load

摘 要: 目的 探讨制鞋作业工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患（work-related musculoskeletal disorders，WMSDs）相关工效学因素。方法 应用美国工效学基本因素检查表 (baseline risk Identification of ergonomic factors，BRIEF) 观测某制鞋生产企业工作人员的作业姿势、力量、持续时间和动作频率等工效学负荷，并采用快速暴露检查表（quick exposure check，QEC）对制鞋作业工人发生WMSDs的风险进行工效学评估。结果 制鞋作业工人WMSDs工效学负荷发生风险主要是颈部、手腕和肩部。不同工作岗位、身体不同部位的工效学负荷风险等级存在差异。多个岗位同时存在多部位的高风险工效学负荷。刷胶、贴底、上钉、削皮、针车等是颈部和手腕的WMSDs高风险作业。结论 制鞋作业工人WMSDs发生风险以颈部最高，同时伴有手腕、肩部等多部位发生风险。人员集中分布于刷胶、贴底、上钉、削皮、针车等岗位。工效学危险因素主要来自不良作业姿势、持续过长和频繁重复性操作。在预防和控制WMSDs发生方面，应加强对上述工效学危险因素的管理与控制。

Abstract: Objective To investigate the work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) related ergonomic factors among shoemakers. Methods The Baseline Risk Identification of Ergonomic Factors (BRIEF) was used to observe the ergonomic load of the shoemakers，such as working posture，strength，duration and action frequency，to identify the ergonomic risk factors，and the Rapid Exposure Checklist (QEC) was used for assessing the ergonomics risk of WMSDs. Results The results showed that the ergonomic risk of WMSDs mainly happened in neck，wrist and shoulder，and there were some differences existed in the levels of ergonomic load among different work positions and different parts of body，additionally，multiple posts might exist multiple sites high risk ergonomic loads at the same time Brushing，attaching，nailing，peeling and sewing needles were the ergonomic high risk posts for WMSDs of neck and wrist. Conclusion The study suggested that neck was the highest risk part of WMSDs in shoemakers and often accompanied with wrist，shoulder etc，the affected workers were mainly concentrated in such posts as attaching，nailing，peeling and sewing needles etc，the ergonomics risk factors were mainly from the bad job posture，long duration and frequent repetitive operations. Therefore，it was necessary to further strengthen management and control to the those ergonomic dangerous factors mentioned above for prevention the occurrence of WMSDs.