广东省 515 家企业打磨作业噪声强度与频谱特征分析

Analysis on intensity and spectral characteristics of grinding operation noise in 515 enterprises in Guangdong province

关键词: 噪声  打磨作业  频谱  聚类分析

Keywords: noise  grinding operation  spectrum  cluster analysis

摘 要: 目的 分析打磨作业岗位噪声强度及频谱特征,为制定有针对性的防控措施提供参考。方法 对广东省 515 家企业的打磨作业进行噪声强度的职业卫生现场调查,采用聚类分析归纳噪声频谱特征。结果 515 家企业的 571 个打磨作业岗位中,以金属制造业打磨岗位最多(269 个,47.1%),406 个(71.1%)岗位的打磨设备为手持式打磨机,165 个(28.9%)岗位使用固定式打磨机;打磨材料包括金属、玻璃、石材、皮革、木材,以金属材料占比最高(68.7%,392/571)。打磨作业岗位噪声强度中位数 90.1dB(A),岗位噪声超标率 87.0%(497/571);噪声频谱聚类分析结果显示,非金属矿物制品业打磨作业为中频噪声;皮革、毛皮、羽毛及其制品和制鞋业为低频噪声;其他行业打磨作业噪声频谱相似,以高频噪声为主。结论 工业企业打磨作业噪声强度较大,高噪声声压级多集中于中、高频率;不同行业、打磨设备、打磨材料间的噪声频谱存在差异,建议相关企业优先考虑实施可降低中、高频噪声的治理措施,并开展听力保护相关培训。

Abstract: Objective To analyze the intensity and spectrum characteristics of grinding operation noise in 515 enterprises in Guangdong province.Methods To conduct an occupational health on-site investigation on noise intensity in 515 enterprises in Guangdong province,and use cluster analysis to summarize the spectral characteristics of grinding operation noise.Results The results showed that among the 571 grinding operations from 515 enterprises of Guangdong province,the metal manufacturing industry had the highest number of grinding positions (269,47.1%),406 (71.1%) using hand-held grinding machines and 165 (28.9%) using fixed grinding machines;the grinding materials included:metal,glass,stone,leather,and wood,the metal materials accounted for the highest proportion (68.7%,392/571).The median noise intensity of the grinding positions was 90.1 dB(A),and the noise exceedance rate of the noise was 87.0% (497/571).The clustering analysis of noise spectrum showed that the grinding operation of the non-metallic mineral products industry was a category of medium-frequency noise,while leather,fur,feather and their products as well as the shoe-making industry were the category of low-frequency noise;the noise spectrum of grinding operation in other industries were similar,mainly consisting of high frequency noise.Conclusion The results suggested that the noise intensity of grinding operations in industrial enterprises was relatively high,the noise spectrum was concentrated in medium and high frequencies,there were differences in the noise spectrum among different industries,grinding equipments,and grinding materials.It is recommended that relevant enterprises prioritize implementing measures to reduce medium and high frequency noise,and provide training on hearing protection.